Dr. Xavier Manteca Vilanova

Behaviour of pigs in a comparative light

Understanding the behaviour of pigs is important for several reasons. First, behavioural changes are often the first sign of health or welfare problems, and behavioural observations  can facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. Second, several behavioral patterns of pigs -including foraging, nest-building and aggression- have a direct impact on their welfare and production. Foraging behaviour has received the most attention as it is closely linked to tail-biting. Pigs are highly motivated to perform rooting behaviour as part of their foraging activity, and the impossibility to do so -usually due to the absence of enrichment material- is a major risk factor for tail-biting. Nevertheless, tail-biting is a multifactorial problem, and preventative strategies must consider many other aspects of husbandry, including stocking density, ventilation and water supply. Manipulable materials vary widely in their usefulness to prevent tail-biting, and these differences are related to the extent to which they keep pigs’ interest and motivation to explore. Some of the most effective manipulable materials are very difficult to use in most current intensive production systems. The importance of foraging behaviour for the welfare of pigs will be discussed in the light of research done both with pigs and with other animals. Also, viable strategies to prevent tail biting and the beneficial effects of providing enrichment material will be addressed. Finally, research done with pigs and other species on aggressive behaviour and nest-building will be briefly reviewed and their importance for pig welfare and production will be discussed.